On 11 January 1879, when General Chelmsford’s ultimatum to the Zulu Ingonyama uCetshwayo kaMpande to disband the regiments and lay down arms had been ignored, a British Army of approximately…
On 10 January 1988, Mr Obed Amon Mwanza, a Zimbabwean, was killed and six African National Congress (ANC) members were injured when the car in which Mwanza was a driver…
“In December the African National Congress (ANC) received an invitation from the Pan-African Freedom Movement for East, Central and Southern Africa (PAFMECSA) to attend its conference in Addis Ababa in…
Around 7 January 1969, Chris Hani and six other Comrades signed a document, later known as the “Hani Memorandum”, that accused the African National Congress (ANC) in exile of being…
Extract from Inkosi Albert Luthuli’s Speech to the SA Congress of Democrats (COD) One might ask, “Is this vision of a democratic society in South Africa a realizable vision? Or…
On the question of racial discrimination, the Addis Ababa Conference taught, to those who will learn, this further lesson: that until the philosophy which holds one race superior and another…
There’s been a revolution, a black revolution, going on in Africa. In Kenya, the Mau Mau were revolutionaries; they were the ones who made the word “Uhuru” [Kenyan word for…
On 2 January 1959, Comandante William Alexander Morgan, an American-born Cuban guerrilla Commander, leading the Cuban Revolutionary Directorate (RD) rebel forces, captured the city of Cienfuegos as Batista fled the…
Inferences The fight against imperialism in Africa is particularly challenging, with the continent enduring ruthless exploitation and domination by imperialist powers. This was made worse by the collapse of socialism…
On 22 December 1988, representatives of Angola, Cuba and South Africa signed a final Tripartite Agreement in New York City which called on the parties to request the United Nations…