Apartheid Minister Kobie Coetsee on the Mandela-Botha Meeting

Apartheid Minister Kobie Coetsee on the Mandela-Botha Meeting On 8 July 1989, three days after the meeting between apartheid President P.W. Botha and Nelson Mandela, Kobie Coetsee, the apartheid Minister…

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Apartheid Security Net Closing In On the Underground

Apartheid Security Net Closing In On the Underground On Saturday, 6 July 1963, at approximately 02:00 in the morning, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Natal Regional Command member, Billy Nair, was…

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Talking to the Enemy – Nelson Mandela Engages PW Botha

Talking to the Enemy – Nelson Mandela Engages PW Botha On 5 July 1989, Nelson Mandela was taken in the middle of a five-car convoy to apartheid President P.W. Botha’s…

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Congress Alliance Debates the Armed Struggle

Congress Alliance Debates the Armed Struggle On 2 July 1961, the night following the debate the African National Congress (ANC) had in Groutville, near Stanger, on the armed struggle, the…

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The SACP Electing for Training Abroad, the ANC Debating the Armed Option

The SACP Electing for Training Abroad, the ANC Debating the Armed Option Exactly sixty years ago, on 1 July 1961, Tennyson Makiwane was conversing with Wilton Mkwayi and Moses Mabhida…

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40 Years After the MK Bombing of the Magoo’s Bar in Durban

40 Years After the MK Bombing of the Magoo’s Bar in Durban On 14 June 1986, exactly a year after the Gaborone Raid, at approximately 19:00, Robert McBride showed up…

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The Criticality of the Armed Struggle

The Criticality of the Armed Struggle On 28 May 1979, African National Congress (ANC) President Oliver Tambo delivered a presidential address to a sitting of the National Executive Committee (NEC)…

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Implementing the Kabwe Conference Resolutions: Operation Vula

Implementing the Kabwe Conference Resolutions: Operation Vula On 10 May 1986, the National Executive Committee (NEC) of the African National Congress (ANC) convened to assess the implementation of the Kabwe…

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