The Heartless and Vicious 1985 Lesotho Raid
During the early hours of 20 December 1985, at around 01:00, Vlakplaas Commander Eugene de Kock was leading a unit of six men, as they were deployed at one of…
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December 20, 2024
1984-1990 / African National Congress (ANC) / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)
ANC Declares 1986 the Year of Umkhonto we Sizwe – the People’s Army
On 8 January 1986, the National Executive Committee (NEC) of the African National Congress (ANC) declared 1986 the Year of Umkhonto we Sizwe – the People’s Army. Delivering the Statement,…
December 16, 2024
The Abduction of Ebrahim Ismail Ebrahim from Swaziland
On the evening of 15 December 1986, at around 22:00, when the Chairman of the ANC's Regional Political-Military Committee in Swaziland, Ebrahim Ismail Ebrahim, was watching television with his gardener,…
December 15, 2024
1984-1990 / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)
Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Ingwavuma Unit Suffers Arrests – Part 3
Accordingly, on 10 November 1984, Robert Dumisa noted in his diary that his Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Ingwavuma Unit Commissar told him that the apartheid South African Defence Force (SADF)…
December 13, 2024
1984-1990 / African National Congress (ANC) / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)
OR Tambo Returns from Exile
On 13 December 1990, Oliver Tambo, former President of the African National Congress (ANC) and Commander-in-Chief of the People's Army, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), returned to South Africa after going…
December 13, 2024
1984-1990 / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)
Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Ingwavuma Unit Suffers Arrests – Part 2
Following his visit to Swaziland on 28 August 1984, the Commander of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Ingwavuma Unit, Robert Dumisa, was on 1 September 1984 back in Ingwavuma, where he…
December 12, 2024
1984-1990 / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / National Trade Union Leaders / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)
Shadrack Maphumulo Abducted and Murdered
On 12 December 1986, at around 02:00 in the morning, Msizeni Shadrack Matthews Maphumulo, an African National Congress (ANC) Acting Representative in Swaziland, died in police custody after he had…
December 12, 2024
1984-1990 / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)
Ahmed Timol Unit Members Regrettably Killed
On the night of 11 December 1989, at around 23:30, a huge explosion hit the north part of Park Station, shattering windows and spraying glass over a wide area. The…
December 11, 2024
1984-1990 / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)
Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Ingwavuma Unit Suffers Arrests – Part 1
On 11 December 1984, the apartheid security net was closing on Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Ingwavuma Unit, since in Emachobeni Royal Area of Ingwavuma, the police arrested Vusumuzi Nyawo while…
December 11, 2024
1961-1964 / 1964-1967 / 1967-1968 / 1969-1974 / 1974-1975 / 1976 – 1978 / 1979-1983 / 1984-1990 / 1990 – 1994
The Clausewitzian and Heuristic: Evolution of the ANC Armed Struggle
The Dependent Pillar of the South African Revolution. The paper tries to address the armed struggle as one of the pillars of theSouth African revolution, especially its adoption, together with…
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December 6, 2024