The Sebokeng Nangalembe Night Vigil Massacre On the night of 12 January 1991, 45 people were killed while attending an all-night vigil held in a tent at 11427, Zone 7,…
Nelson Mandela on the ‘Third Force’: I Have Never Seen Such Cruelty While many aspects of “third force” violence are not clear, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) report showed…
SADF ‘Third Force’-Related Officers Dismissed by De Klerk On 19 December 1992, apartheid State President F.W. de Klerk announced that 23 members of the South African Defence Force (SADF), including…
Inkatha’s Attempted Truce with ANC On 27 November 1985, the Inkatha National Cultural Liberation Movement (aka “Inkatha Yenkululeko Yesizwe”) proposed a truce with the African National Congress (ANC) in Lusaka,…
Bantustan Leaders Jointly Reject the Mandela-De Klerk “Record of Understanding” On 29 September 1992, following the signing of a “Record of Understanding” by the leader of the African National Congress…
Buthelezi Mobilisation of IFP Supporters in Thokoza On 11 August 1993, Chief Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi was addressing a crowd of approximately 2 500 Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) supporters in Thokoza,…
The Arrest of the Valiant MK-SDU Combatant Mzwandile Gushu in Ermelo On 17 July 1992, Hollingwood Mzwandile Gushu was arrested in hospital while he was receiving treatment for his wounds…
Mandela and De Klerk Meet for the First Time On 5 April 1990, an informal three-hour meeting in Cape Town between Nelson Mandela, as a “free man”, and President F.W.…
Nelson Mandela’s Historic Political Rally On 1 April 1990, African National Congress (ANC) Deputy President, Nelson Mandela, addressed a crowd of over 300 000 supporters in Port Elizabeth in what…
State of Emergency Declared in the Natal Province On 31 March 1994, apartheid President F.W. de Klerk imposed a state of emergency in the Natal Province, coinciding with a report…
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