Wankie and Sipolilo Campaigns

1976 – 1978 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / Front Line States / Liberation Arts Culture and Heritage / National Democratic Revolution / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Apartheid’s ‘Total Strategy’: Arming the Racist State – Part 1

Apartheid’s ‘Total Strategy’: Arming the Racist State – Part 1 Introduction On 31 March 1977, the apartheid government released a Defence Force White Paper in the House of Assembly, which…

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March 30, 2026

1967-1968 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / Pan Africanism / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Sipolilo Campaign – ‘Advanced Group’ to the Zambezi River

Sipolilo Campaign – ‘Advanced Group’ to the Zambezi River From 18 to 20 December 1967, the “Advanced Group” of the joint Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) and Zimbabwe African People’s Revolutionary…

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December 18, 2025

1984-1990 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / FRELIMO / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Oliver Tambo: Victory or Death

Oliver Tambo: Victory or Death (“Umkhonto we Sizwe – Born of the People”: Statement of the National Executive Committee of the African National Congress Delivered by Commander-in-Chief OR Tambo on…

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December 16, 2025

1990 – 1994 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Armed Struggle / National Democratic Revolution / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Preserving and Advocating Umkhonto’s Captivating Heritage

Preserving and Advocating Umkhonto’s Captivating Heritage Introduction In a statement on the state of organisation of Umkhonto we Sizwe, delivered by the then Umkhonto we Sizwe Army Chief of Staff,…

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December 15, 2025

1964-1967 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Armed Struggle / Battles / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Joe Modise Appointed as Commander-in-Chief of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Joe Modise Appointed as Commander-in-Chief of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Exactly sixty years ago, on this day, 23 November 1965, leaders of the African National Congress’s (ANC’s) External Mission visited…

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November 23, 2025

1969-1974 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Armed Struggle / National Democratic Revolution / Pan Africanism / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Oliver Tambo: The Weapon of Unity

Oliver Tambo: The Weapon of Unity (Extracts from the Message to the ANC External Mission, delivered by ANC Acting President Oliver Tambo, January 1971). “Today, it is ever more important…

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October 12, 2025

1976 – 1978 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / Cross-Border Raids / FRELIMO / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Negotiations / Pan Africanism / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

MK-ZIPRA Cooperation – For MK Infiltration through Matabeleland

MK-ZIPRA Cooperation – For MK Infiltration through Matabeleland On 15 September 1978, five combatants of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) arrived at the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) residence in Francistown,…

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September 16, 2025

1969-1974 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / FRELIMO / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU)

Umkhonto we Sizwe Cadres Removed from Kongwa

Umkhonto we Sizwe Cadres Removed from Kongwa On 1 September 1969, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) approved the prolonged stay and training of…

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September 3, 2025

1969-1974 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / National Trade Union Leaders / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Flag Boshielo Captured and Killed with Three of His Comrades

Flag Boshielo Captured and Killed with Three of His Comrades On 20 August 1970, just after the African National Congress (ANC) Morogoro National Consultative Conference, Flag Boshielo, a member of…

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August 20, 2025

1979-1983 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / FRELIMO / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Oliver Tambo on the Criticality of the Armed Struggle

Oliver Tambo on the Criticality of the Armed Struggle On 28 May 1979, African National Congress (ANC) President Oliver Tambo delivered a presidential address to a sitting of the National…

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May 28, 2025