Nelson Mandela on the ‘Third Force’: I Have Never Seen Such Cruelty While many aspects of “third force” violence are not clear, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) report showed…
SADF ‘Third Force’-Related Officers Dismissed by De Klerk On 19 December 1992, apartheid State President F.W. de Klerk announced that 23 members of the South African Defence Force (SADF), including…
The Gruesome Bisho Massacre On 7 September 1992, twenty-eight (28) African National Congress (ANC) supporters and one soldier were shot dead by the Bantustan Ciskei Defence Force (CDF) during a…
The Golela Episode On 20 April 1993, a strictly confidential report undersigned by the then Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Chief of Staff, Siphiwe Nyanda (aka “Gebhuza”) was uncovered, which was…
Inkatha Attack Repelled at ANC Shell House Headquarters On 28 March 1994, African National Congress (ANC) security guards opened fire on raging Inkatha impis, who were armed with guns, assegais…