1990 – 1994

1990 – 1994 / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Biographies and Obituaries / Liberation Arts Culture and Heritage / National Democratic Revolution / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Recalling Jabulani “Mzala” Nxumalo: 35 Years On

Recalling Jabulani “Mzala” Nxumalo: 35 Years On On 22 February 1991, Jabulani Nobleman “Mzala” Nxumalo died in London at the age of 35. The African National Congress (ANC) and its…

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February 22, 2026

1990 – 1994 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Biographies and Obituaries / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

The Brutal Murder of Bheki Mlangeni

The Brutal Murder of Bheki Mlangeni On 15 February 1991, 35-year-old Bheki Mlangeni, who was a lawyer working for the African National Congress (ANC) in the 1990s, died instantly after…

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February 15, 2026

1990 – 1994 / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / National Democratic Revolution / Negotiations / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Signing the D.F. Malan Accord: 12 February 1991

Signing the D.F. Malan Accord: 12 February 1991 On 12 February 1991, the apartheid South African Government and the African National Congress (ANC) signed the then secret D.F. Malan Accord,…

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February 12, 2026

1990 – 1994 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Armed Struggle / National Democratic Revolution

Nelson Mandela: A Decisive Moment

Nelson Mandela: A Decisive Moment On 11 February 1990, at around 16:16 in the afternoon, recently released leader of the African National Congress (ANC), Nelson Mandela, emerged from Victor Verster…

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February 11, 2026

1990 – 1994 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Negotiations / Sanctions / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

The Mandela-Buthelezi Royal Hotel Agreement

The Mandela-Buthelezi Royal Hotel Agreement On 29 January 1991, African National Congress (ANC) Deputy President Nelson Mandela and Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) President Gatsha Mangosuthu Buthelezi met in Durban’s Royal…

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January 29, 2026

1990 – 1994 / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / National Democratic Revolution / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

The Sebokeng Nangalembe Night Vigil Massacre

The Sebokeng Nangalembe Night Vigil Massacre On the night of 12 January 1991, 45 people were killed while attending an all-night vigil held in a tent at 11427, Zone 7,…

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January 13, 2026

1990 – 1994 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Armed Struggle / National Democratic Revolution / National Trade Union Leaders / Negotiations / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

JOE SLOVO: BEYOND THE STEREOTYPE – THE SACP IN THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

JOE SLOVO: BEYOND THE STEREOTYPE – THE SACP IN THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE (University of Western Cape Conference to Mark the 70th Anniversary of the SACP, 19 July 1991).…

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January 6, 2026

1990 – 1994 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / National Democratic Revolution / Negotiations / South African Defence Force’s (SADF)

Nelson Mandela on the ‘Third Force’: I Have Never Seen Such Cruelty

Nelson Mandela on the ‘Third Force’: I Have Never Seen Such Cruelty While many aspects of “third force” violence are not clear, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) report showed…

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December 20, 2025

1990 – 1994 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Negotiations / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

SADF ‘Third Force’-Related Officers Dismissed by De Klerk

SADF ‘Third Force’-Related Officers Dismissed by De Klerk On 19 December 1992, apartheid State President F.W. de Klerk announced that 23 members of the South African Defence Force (SADF), including…

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December 19, 2025

1990 – 1994 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Armed Struggle / National Democratic Revolution / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Preserving and Advocating Umkhonto’s Captivating Heritage

Preserving and Advocating Umkhonto’s Captivating Heritage Introduction In a statement on the state of organisation of Umkhonto we Sizwe, delivered by the then Umkhonto we Sizwe Army Chief of Staff,…

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December 15, 2025