1990 – 1994

1990 – 1994 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / Negotiations / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Afrikaner Right-Wing Organisations Stormed CODESA Negotiations

Afrikaner Right-Wing Organisations Stormed CODESA Negotiations On 23 June 1993, leaders of the Afrikaner right-wing organisations held a secret meeting in an undisclosed venue near Pretoria. They included Eugéne Terre’Blanche,…

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June 23, 2025

1990 – 1994 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / Biographies and Obituaries / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

OR Tambo Passes On

OR Tambo Passes On On 24 April 1993, after suffering complications following a stroke, Oliver Tambo passed on at the age of 75. His death came 14 days after Chris…

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April 26, 2025

1990 – 1994 / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

The Golela Episode

The Golela Episode On 20 April 1993, a strictly confidential report undersigned by the then Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Chief of Staff, Siphiwe Nyanda (aka “Gebhuza”) was uncovered, which was…

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April 20, 2025

1990 – 1994 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / Negotiations / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Chris Hani – Fighter for the Workers and the Poor

Chris Hani – Fighter for the Workers and the Poor Extracts from The African Communist Editorial Notes (1st Quarter 1993) The assassination of the General Secretary of the South African…

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April 9, 2025

1990 – 1994 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Negotiations

Mandela and De Klerk Meet for the First Time

Mandela and De Klerk Meet for the First Time On 5 April 1990, an informal three-hour meeting in Cape Town between Nelson Mandela, as a “free man”, and President F.W.…

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April 5, 2025

1990 – 1994 / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Negotiations / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Nelson Mandela’s Historic Political Rally

Nelson Mandela’s Historic Political Rally On 1 April 1990, African National Congress (ANC) Deputy President, Nelson Mandela, addressed a crowd of over 300 000 supporters in Port Elizabeth in what…

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April 1, 2025

1990 – 1994 / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / South African Defence Force’s (SADF)

SADF ‘Third Force’-Related Officers Dismissed by De Klerk

On 19 December 1992, apartheid State President F.W. de Klerk announced that 23 members of the South African Defence Force (SADF), including two Generals and four Brigadiers, were being forcibly…

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December 19, 2024

1990 – 1994 / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s)

Chris Hani: Elected as General-Secretary of the SACP

On 8 December 1991, former Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Army Chief of Staff, Chris Hani, was elected as General-Secretary of the South African Communist Party (SACP) at its first legal…

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December 8, 2024

1961-1964 / 1964-1967 / 1967-1968 / 1969-1974 / 1974-1975 / 1976 – 1978 / 1979-1983 / 1984-1990 / 1990 – 1994

The Clausewitzian and Heuristic: Evolution of the ANC Armed Struggle

The Dependent Pillar of the South African Revolution. The paper tries to address the armed struggle as one of the pillars of theSouth African revolution, especially its adoption, together with…

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December 6, 2024