FRELIMO

1964-1967 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / FRELIMO / Pan Africanism / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Challenges Over the Bechuanaland Route

Challenges Over the Bechuanaland Route On 29 May 1966, Mack Futha was deported to Zambia, thus implying that his mission to establish a pipeline into South Africa through Bechuanaland was…

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May 29, 2025

1979-1983 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / FRELIMO / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Oliver Tambo on the Criticality of the Armed Struggle

Oliver Tambo on the Criticality of the Armed Struggle On 28 May 1979, African National Congress (ANC) President Oliver Tambo delivered a presidential address to a sitting of the National…

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May 28, 2025

African liberation movement / Anti-Imperialism / Armed Struggle / Battles / FRELIMO / Pan Africanism / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

The Art of Guerrilla Warfare Revisited

The Art of Guerrilla Warfare Revisited The saying "When the enemy advances, we retreat" is a core principle of guerrilla warfare and was popularised by Mao Tse Tung. It emphasises…

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May 28, 2025

1979-1983 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / FRELIMO / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / Pan Africanism / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

The Pretoria Church Street Bombing: Apartheid Retaliation

The Pretoria Church Street Bombing: Apartheid Retaliation On 23 May 1983, just before 07:30, in the morning, apartheid South African Air Force (SAAF) Impala and Canberra planes were flying over…

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May 23, 2025

1964-1967 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Armed Struggle / FRELIMO / Front Line States / Liberation Arts Culture and Heritage / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Sharing Responsibilities for Africa’s Total Liberation

Sharing Responsibilities for Africa’s Total Liberation On 12 May 1966, when the Executive Secretariat of the Organisation of African Unity’s (OAU) Standing Committee on Defence circulated a report during their…

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May 12, 2025

1969-1974 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / FRELIMO / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

The Morogoro Consultative Conference of the African National Congress

The Morogoro Consultative Conference of the African National Congress (Merged extracts of articles from Sechaba, July 1969 and July 1979) “CLOSE RANKS! This is the order to our people; our…

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April 27, 2025

1979-1983 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / FRELIMO / Israel / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Palestine / Pan Africanism / Sanctions / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

The Spirit of Bandung: O.R. Tambo’s Reflections on the Bandung Conference

The Spirit of Bandung: O.R. Tambo’s Reflections on the Bandung Conference Extracts from the Speech of the then African National Congress (ANC) President O.R. Tambo on the Bandung Conference, which…

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April 26, 2025

1984-1990 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Armed Struggle / FRELIMO / National Executive Committee (NEC) / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Post-Nkomati Accord Challenges in Swaziland

Post-Nkomati Accord Challenges in Swaziland On 19 April 1984, a combined Swazi Police and Army contingent went to a house in Manzini’s Old Ngwane Park, in Swaziland, where they experienced…

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April 19, 2025

1984-1990 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / FRELIMO / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

A Tense Mozambican Atmosphere after the Nkomati Accord

A Tense Mozambican Atmosphere after the Nkomati Accord On 24 March 1984, a New York Times newspaper report claimed that according to African National Congress (ANC) officials in Maputo, the…

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March 24, 2025

1984-1990 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / FRELIMO / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / RENAMO / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Reflecting on the Nkomati Accord and Southern Africa

Reflecting on the Nkomati Accord and Southern Africa On 16 March 1984, the two leaders of Mozambique and apartheid South Africa, Presidents Samora Machel and P.W. Botha, proceeded to a…

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March 17, 2025