Botswana

1984-1990 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Cross-Border Raids / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Chris Hani: The Demand of the Time

Chris Hani: The Demand of the Time (Address by Chris Hani, the Deputy Commander and Commissar of Umkhonto we Sizwe, to the MK People’s Army, Luanda, Angola, January 1986) “1985…

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December 31, 2025

1964-1967 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Michael Dingake Arrested in Figtree, Rhodesia

Michael Dingake Arrested in Figtree, Rhodesia On 8 December 1965, Michael Kitso Dingake, a member of the African National Congress (ANC) Secretariat, based in Ramoutsa, in Bechuanaland, was on a…

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December 8, 2025

1976 – 1978 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / Cross-Border Raids / FRELIMO / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Negotiations / Pan Africanism / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

MK-ZIPRA Cooperation – For MK Infiltration through Matabeleland

MK-ZIPRA Cooperation – For MK Infiltration through Matabeleland On 15 September 1978, five combatants of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) arrived at the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) residence in Francistown,…

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September 16, 2025

1912 – 1943 / 1994 – Beyond / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / Biographies and Obituaries / National Democratic Revolution / National Trade Union Leaders / Pan Africanism / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Justice “Gizenga” Mpanza (aka “Reuben Nhlabathi”)

Justice “Gizenga” Mpanza (aka “Reuben Nhlabathi”) Justice “Gizenga” Mpanza (aka “Reuben Nhlabathi”) was born on 5 September 1937 at Groutville Mission, near to KwaDukuza (Stanger). His father was one of…

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September 5, 2025

1961-1964 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Biographies and Obituaries / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / National Trade Union Leaders / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

MK Commander Looksmart Ngudle Dies in Detention

MK Commander Looksmart Ngudle Dies in Detention On 5 September 1963, Looksmart Ngudle became the first person to die in detention in the history of the South African liberation struggle.…

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September 5, 2025

1967-1968 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / Pan Africanism / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Wankie Campaign – Dube Team Enters Botswana

Wankie Campaign – Dube Team Enters Botswana On 29 August 1967, Chris Hani, Jackson Mandla, Alfred Mfamana and their Main Group Commander, John Dube (aka “Sotsha Ngwenya”), underwent an interrogation…

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August 29, 2025

1967-1968 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / Pan Africanism / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Wankie Campaign – Main Group Retreats to Botswana after Discontentment

Wankie Campaign – Main Group Retreats to Botswana after Discontentment On 25 August 1967, having been marching for two days after leaving the donga, the Main Group, under the command…

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August 26, 2025

1967-1968 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / Pan Africanism / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Wankie Campaign – The Main Group Confrontation with the Rhodesian Forces

Wankie Campaign – The Main Group Confrontation with the Rhodesian Forces On 23 August 1967, approximately 19 kilometres south-east of the previous day’s battle area, the Main Group of the…

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August 23, 2025

1967-1968 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Wankie Campaign – The Lupane Group Virtually Decimated

Wankie Campaign – The Lupane Group Virtually Decimated On 18 August 1967, the Lupane Group, under the command of Jonathan Moyo (aka “David Madziwa”) of the Zimbabwe People’s Revolutionary Army…

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August 19, 2025

1976 – 1978 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

The Moshaneng-Witkleigat Episode

The Moshaneng-Witkleigat Episode On 1 August 1978, Constable Solomon Sehume took a call at the Swartkopfontein Gate at the South African-Botswana border post, while Warrant Officer Albertus Smit was listening…

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August 2, 2025