Congress Alliance Debates the Armed Struggle

Congress Alliance Debates the Armed Struggle On 2 July 1961, the night following the debate the African National Congress (ANC) had in Groutville, near Stanger, on the armed struggle, the…

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The SACP Electing for Training Abroad, the ANC Debating the Armed Option

The SACP Electing for Training Abroad, the ANC Debating the Armed Option Exactly sixty years ago, on 1 July 1961, Tennyson Makiwane was conversing with Wilton Mkwayi and Moses Mabhida…

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Forms and Methods of Struggle – The South African Democratic Revolution

Violent and Non-Violent Transition Forms and Methods of Struggle – The South African Democratic Revolution by A. Lerumo (aka Michael “Mick” Harmel), 1962 “The time comes in the life of…

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The Massive Post-Rivonia Arrests: August 1963 – July 1964

The Massive Post-Rivonia Arrests: August 1963 – July 1964 On 3 August 1963, in the early hours of the morning, Stephen Mtshali was arrested at his aunt’s home, in Durban,…

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The Debate around Adoption of the Armed Struggle: Part 1

The Debate around Adoption of the Armed Struggle: Part 1 On 2 June 1961, at a meeting of the Working Committee of the African National Congress (ANC) National Executive Committee…

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