Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA)

1994 – Beyond / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / Israel / National Democratic Revolution / Negotiations / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF)

Lucas Mangope: The Deluded Dictator

Lucas Mangope: The Deluded Dictator On 10 March 1994, President Lucas Mangope, the leader of the Bophuthatswana, apartheid Bantustan, retreated from the capital, Mmabatho, to his hometown of Motswedi, located…

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March 10, 2026

1990 – 1994 / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / National Democratic Revolution / Negotiations / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Signing the D.F. Malan Accord: 12 February 1991

Signing the D.F. Malan Accord: 12 February 1991 On 12 February 1991, the apartheid South African Government and the African National Congress (ANC) signed the then secret D.F. Malan Accord,…

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February 12, 2026

1990 – 1994 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Armed Struggle / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Negotiations / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Bantustan Leaders Jointly Reject the Mandela-De Klerk “Record of Understanding”

Bantustan Leaders Jointly Reject the Mandela-De Klerk “Record of Understanding” On 29 September 1992, following the signing of a “Record of Understanding” by the leader of the African National Congress…

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September 29, 2025

1990 – 1994 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Armed Struggle / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Negotiations / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

The Gruesome Bisho Massacre

The Gruesome Bisho Massacre On 7 September 1992, twenty-eight (28) African National Congress (ANC) supporters and one soldier were shot dead by the Bantustan Ciskei Defence Force (CDF) during a…

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September 7, 2025

1994 – Beyond / African liberation movement / National Democratic Revolution / Pan Africanism / Quotes of inspiration

South Africa’s Second Chance

South Africa’s Second Chance Extracts from Eddy Maloka, 2024 Book: “South Africa’s Second Chance” A crisis is a moment in history when the old can no longer hold, when something…

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August 15, 2025

1984-1990 / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / Israel / Negotiations / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF)

Lucas Mangope Retreats

Lucas Mangope Retreats On 10 March 1994, President Lucas Mangope, the leader of the apartheid Bantustan, Bophuthatswana, retreated from the capital, Mmabatho, in the face of a popular uprising after…

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March 10, 2025

1984-1990 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Pan Africanism / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

PAC Announces the Suspension of Its Armed Struggle

On 16 January 1994, the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) President, Clarence Mlami Makwetu, announced the PAC’s suspension of its armed struggle, thus opening the way for participation in elections by its…

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January 16, 2025