South West Africa

1967-1968 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Armed Struggle / Battles / FRELIMO / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Umkhonto Penetrating Mozambique Alongside FRELIMO Forces

Umkhonto Penetrating Mozambique Alongside FRELIMO Forces On 20 June 1967, the African National Congress (ANC) leadership decided that infiltration through Mozambique was impracticable. Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) soldiers would have…

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June 21, 2025

1967-1968 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Battles / FRELIMO / Front Line States / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Preparing for Joint MK-ZIPRA and MK-FRELIMO Campaigns June 1967

Preparing for Joint MK-ZIPRA and MK-FRELIMO Campaigns June 1967 On 17 June 1967, in a little cottage situated on Dr Randeree’s plot in Lusaka, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Commanders, Lawrence…

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June 17, 2025

1964-1967 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Armed Struggle / FRELIMO / Front Line States / Liberation Arts Culture and Heritage / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) / Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU)

Sharing Responsibilities for Africa’s Total Liberation

Sharing Responsibilities for Africa’s Total Liberation On 12 May 1966, when the Executive Secretariat of the Organisation of African Unity’s (OAU) Standing Committee on Defence circulated a report during their…

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May 12, 2025

1974-1975 / Battles / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

The Disbandment of the Apartheid SADF 31 Battalion

The Disbandment of the Apartheid SADF 31 Battalion On 7 March 1993, the apartheid South African Defence Force’s (SADF) 31 Battalion was disbanded at a public ceremony in the Cape…

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March 7, 2025

1969-1974 / African National Congress (ANC) / National Executive Committee (NEC)

The Bantu Homelands Citizenship Bill is Passed

The Bantu Homelands Citizenship Bill is Passed On 26 February 1970, the Bantu Homelands Citizenship Bill was passed, whereby every African was to be issued with a certificate of citizenship…

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February 26, 2025

1967-1968 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / Battles / Pan Africanism / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Maintaining the Frontline

On 15 January 1967, Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda wrote to the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lieutenant General Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, outlining the results of a policy rethink…

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January 15, 2025

1984-1990 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Cuito Cuanavale / National Executive Committee (NEC) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

New York Agreements Signed Towards Resolution 435 Implementation

On 22 December 1988, representatives of Angola, Cuba and South Africa signed a final Tripartite Agreement in New York City which called on the parties to request the United Nations…

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December 22, 2024

1510 – 1906 / African liberation movement / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s)

The Berlin Conference and the Carve-up of Africa: Part 2

Ruth Nhere In South Africa In South Africa, the discovery of diamonds and gold in the 1880s was to establish the region as a vital base of imperialist interests. “The…

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December 19, 2024