Apartheid’s ‘Total Strategy’: Arming the Racist State – Part 2

Apartheid’s ‘Total Strategy’: Arming the Racist State – Part 2 As concluded in Part 1, the acceptance of the “total national strategy” had two important effects – it changed the…

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The Heartless and Vicious 1985 Lesotho Raid

The Heartless and Vicious 1985 Lesotho Raid Exactly forty years ago, during the early hours of 20 December 1985, at around 01:00, Vlakplaas Commander Eugene de Kock was leading a…

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The Bureau of State Security (BOSS) vs. the Anti-Apartheid Struggle

The Bureau of State Security (BOSS) vs. the Anti-Apartheid Struggle On 19 November 1970, the head of the apartheid Bureau of State Security (BOSS), General Hendrik Van Den Bergh, briefly…

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Talking to the Enemy – Prisoner Mandela Engages PW Botha

Talking to the Enemy – Prisoner Mandela Engages PW Botha On 5 July 1989, Nelson Mandela was taken in the middle of a five-car convoy to apartheid President P.W. Botha’s…

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