1961-1964

1961-1964 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / Front Line States / Liberation Arts Culture and Heritage / National Democratic Revolution / Pan Africanism / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

World Refugee Day and the Years of Exile

World Refugee Day and the Years of Exile June 20 is recognized as “World Refugee Day”, a day designated by the United Nations (UN) Refugee Agency, the United Nations High…

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June 20, 2025

1961-1964 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Anti-Imperialism / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / National Democratic Revolution / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

The Largest Group of MK Recruits Arrested in the Early 1960s

The Largest Group of MK Recruits Arrested in the Early 1960s On the morning of 10 June 1963, at approximately 06:00, when apartheid Police Sergeant Ferreira arrived at the Rustenburg…

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June 11, 2025

1961-1964 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / National Democratic Revolution / National Executive Committee (NEC) / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

The Debate around Adoption of the Armed Struggle: Part 1

The Debate around Adoption of the Armed Struggle: Part 1 On 2 June 1961, at a meeting of the Working Committee of the African National Congress (ANC) National Executive Committee…

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June 2, 2025

1961-1964 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / South African Defence Force’s (SADF) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Nelson Mandela’s Statement from the Dock

Nelson Mandela’s Statement from the Dock On 21 April 1964, newspapers were selling like hot cakes following Nelson Mandela’s statement from the dock at the Pretoria Supreme Court the previous…

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April 21, 2025

1961-1964 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Apartheid Police / Armed Struggle / SWAPO / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

The Yu Chi Chan Club (YCCC) and National Liberation Front (NLF) Members Convicted

The Yu Chi Chan Club (YCCC) and National Liberation Front (NLF) Members Convicted On 18 April 1964, Neville Alexander and four others were found guilty of sabotage and sentenced to…

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April 18, 2025

1961-1964 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / National Executive Committee (NEC) / Pan Africanism / South African Communist Party’s (SACP’s) / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

OR Tambo: First Visit to the Soviet Union

OR Tambo: First Visit to the Soviet Union On 9 April 1963, returning from a trip to the Soviet Union, based on the invitation of the Soviet Afro-Asian Solidarity Committee,…

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April 9, 2025

1961-1964 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Battles / Pan Africanism / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Taking MK Recruits for Advanced Guerrilla Training in Algeria – March 1963

Taking MK Recruits for Advanced Guerrilla Training in Algeria – March 1963 On 26 March 1963, a group of thirty-three Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) recruits that left Dar es Salaam,…

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March 26, 2025

1961-1964 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Pan Africanism / Sanctions

All-in Africa Conference in Pietermaritzburg, Natal

All-in Africa Conference in Pietermaritzburg, Natal On 25–26 March 1961, the two-day All-in African Conference – with 1,400 delegates from 145 religious, cultural, peasant, intellectual and political bodies – was…

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March 26, 2025

1961-1964 / African liberation movement / African National Congress (ANC) / Pan Africanism / Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)

Mandela Pays a Visit to the FLN (Front de Libération Nationale)

Mandela Pays a Visit to the FLN (Front de Libération Nationale) On 18 March 1962, Nelson Mandela and Robert Resha departed from Rabat in Morocco by train, heading for Oudja,…

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March 20, 2025

1961-1964 / African liberation movement / Pan Africanism

Apartheid South Africa Withdrawn from the British Commonwealth

Apartheid South Africa Withdrawn from the British Commonwealth On 15 March 1961, at the Commonwealth Prime Ministers’ Conference, apartheid South Africa announced that it was to withdraw from the Commonwealth…

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March 15, 2025